Urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by the presence and multiplication of bacteria in the urinary tract, with associated tissue invasion. It is most common in women but can be more complicated in male and catheterised patients. This article highlights the importance of the correct diagnosis of UTI, which will identify ‘red flags’ to aid community nurses’ choice of management options and avoid the unnecessary prescription of antibiotics. In addition, the author makes recommendations for reducing catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) in the community.